Здравствуйте, дорогие подписчики!
Вот и выходит уже девятый по счету выпуск моей рассылки.
В этом выпуске вы узнаете:
- Употребление артикля (продолжение)
- Устная тема о Великобритании (продолжаем говорить о странах)
- Диалоги на все случаи жизни
- Анекдот (as usual настоящий американский)
- Некоторые идиоматические выражения
- Упражнение.
Употребеление артикля со словами рода School / the school, prison / the prison etc.
Это особенно интересные случаи, которые просто необходимо запомнить,
так как они в некоторых тестах и упражнениях очень часто используются в качестве "мышеловки". Вроде бы легко и просто, но на самом деле нет. Так вот, давайте их разберем по подробнее.
Рассмотрите пример со словом prison:
Jack robbed a bank.
He was caught by the police.
He is in prison now.
His wife Jill goes to the prison to visit him.
She was in the prison yesterday.Кто-то садится в тюрьму (to prison) или находится
в ней (in prison), если он преступник. Но Jill не
преступница. Она не в тюрьме (in prison). Jill
ходит туда в качестве посетителя (там находится ее муж).
Следующие слова употребляются по такому же принципу: hospital university school church
Мы говорим, что преступник отправился to prison (но не 'to the prison'). Ребенок ходит to school, студент to university. Мы
не употребляем the, когда имеем в виду эти места как общие понятия, то, для чего они предназначены.
Сравните:
общее понятие мест
конкретное место
I left school and went to university. (как студент) Will you show me the university? (само строение) This lady goes to church every day. (на службу) We went to the church to take a photo. Jack had a heart attack. He is in hospital now. (как пациент) Jack’s daughter is at the hospital. (как посетитель)
Запомните: in prison и at school/ university / college.
Со словом сhurch возможно употреблять оба предлога: in church и at church.
Со словами go to bed / to be in bed и т.д.(а не `the bed'):
- Go to bed at once! - Are the children all in bed?
Но:
- Put the book on the bed. (a particular place)
Со словами to work / be at work / start work / finish work и т.д. (а не 'the work' ):
- Why don’t you go to work? - What time does he start work?
Со словами go home / come home / be at home / stay at home и т.д. (а не 'the home'):
- Let's stay at home. - Are you going home?
В выражениях go/come/get home НЕ ставится предлог (неправильно to home), но возможны выражения:
arrive home и arrive at home .
London - The Capital of Great Britain.
When we think of Paris, Rome. Madrid, Lisbon and other European capitals, we think of them as "cities'. When we think of the whole of modern London, the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, that great area covering several hundred square kilometres, we do not think of it as 'a city. not even as a city and its suburbs. Modem London is not one city that has steadily become larger through the centuries; it is a number of cities. towns, and villages that have, during the past centuries, grown together to make one vast urban area.
London is situated upon both banks of the River Thames, it is the largest city in Britain and one of the largest in the world. Its population is about 7 million people.
London dominates the life of Britain. It is the chief port of the country and the most important commercial, manufacturing and cultural centre. There is little heavy industry in London, but there is a wide range of light industry in Greater London.
London consists of three parts: the City of London, the West End and the East End.
The City extends over an area of about 2.6 square kilometres in the heart of London. About half a million people work in the City but only less than 6000 live here. It is the financial centre of the UK with many banks, offices and Stock Exchange. But the City is also a market for goods of almost every kind, from all parts of the world.
The West End can be called the centre of Tendon. Here are the historical palaces as well as the famous parks. Hyde Park with its Speaker's Corner is also here. Among other parks are Kensington Gardens, St.James's Park. In the West End is Buckingham Palace. Which is the Queen's residence, and the Palace of Westminster which is the seat of Parliament.
The best-known streets here are Whitehall with important Government offices. Downing Street, the London residence of Prime Minister and the place where the Cabinet meets. Fleet Street where most newspapers have their offices, Harley Street where the highest paid doctors live, and some others.
Trafalgar Square is named so in commemoration of Nelson's great victory. In the middle stands the famous Nelson Column with the statue of Nelson 170 feet high so as to allow him a view of the sea. The column stands in the geographical centre of the city. It is one of the best open air platforms for public meetings and demonstrations.
One of the "musts" for the sightseer are the Houses of Parliament, facing the Thames, on one side, and Parliament Square and Westminster Abbey, on the other. The House of Commons sits to the side of the Clock Tower (Big Ben), the House of Lords - to the Victoria Tower side.
Westminster Abbey is the crowning and burial place of British monarchs. It has its world famed Poet's Corner with memorials to Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton, the Bronte's sisters. Tennyson. Longfellow, Wordsworth, Burns, Dickens, Thackeray, Hardy, Kipling and other leading writers. Only a few however, are actually buried there.
Here too is that touching symbol of a nation's grief. The Grave of the Unknown Warrior.
The name "West End" came to be associated with wealth, luxury, and goods of high quality. It is the area of the largest department stores, cinemas and hotels. There are about 40 theatres, several concert halls, many museums including the British Museum, and the best art galleries.
It is in the West End where the University of London is centred with Bloomsbury as London's student quarter.
The Port of London is to the east of the City. Here. today are kilometres and kilometres of docks, and the great industrial areas that depend upon shipping. This is the East End of London, unattractive in appearance, but very important to the country's commerce.
In recent times London has grown so large. that the Government has decided that it must spread no farther. It is now surrounded by a "green belt" - a belt of agricultural and wooded land on which new buildings may be put up only with the permission of the planning authorities
Немного большеват текст, не правда ли? Но ничего, иногда это полезно.
Сегодняшней темой для разговора станет поход к врачу, занятие мало приятное, но иногда необходимое.
At the Doctor's office.
Secretary:Good morning.Can I help you?
Vladimir Rozov:Good morning.My name is Rozov.I have an 11 o'clock appointment.
S:Please,take a seat.The doctor will see you soon.
V.R.:Thank you.
Doctor:Hello,Mr.Rozov.Come in,please. Sorry to have kept you waiting.
V.R.:That's all right.Did you get all the test results?
D:Yes,I got them last hight.As to the tests,everything is okay.Your cardio gram is normal too.
V.R.:But what about the X-ray?Is anything wrong?
D:The X-ray shows emphysema.That's evidently the result of your heavy smoking.Your breath shortness and your cough are probably caused by the emphysema.
V.R.:Is that serious?
D:It could become extremely serious. If you are worried about your health cut out your smoking.
V.R.:Certainly,I'll try to stop smoking.What else could you advise me to do for improving my health?
D:You should do daily exercises.Eat small meals four or five times a day.
V.R.:Do I have to go to the hospital?
D:No.I'll give you a prescription. Take the pills three times a day. I want you to see me again in three weeks.Stay well.
V.R.:Thank you ,doctor.
Doctor:What 's troubling you? Patient:I've caught a cold.I have a sore throat and a bad cough.
D:Put this thermometer under your tongue.I want to see if you have a fever.Let me see...Yes,you have a temperature.When did you first feel ill?
P:A couple of days ago.
D:Let me examine you .Take a deep breath.Now I want to test your blood pressure(testing blood pressure).Your blood pressure is slightly above normal, but nothing to worry about.Any other trouble?
P:Doctor,I haven't been sleeping well.
D:I'll give you some sleeping pills.Take the tablets as prescribed-you take only one at bedtime.You must stay in bed for several days until your temperature has gone down.Here's a prescription for your flu.Come in again to see me in ten days.
P:Okay.Thank you ,doctor.
Anecdote
A lady is playing the piano in her lving room when there comes a knock on the door. Opening the door, the lady discovers a man in coveralls, carrying a tool box. "Yes?" she responds questioningly.
I'm the piano tuner," he replies.
"But, I didn't call for a piano tuner."
"I know. Your neighbors did."
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Man at an auction to auctioneer: I've bid a great deal of money for this parrot. Are you sure he talks?
Auctioneer: Of course. Who do you think has been bidding against you?
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What is the beginning of eternity,
The end of time and space,
The beginning of every end,
and the end of every race?
Идиомы - это такие устойчивые выражения. Очень полезные, кстати.
Вот сегодня некоторые из идиом. Тема: идиомы связанные с едой, то есть слова там обозначают предмет еды, но на самом деле, перевод этих идиом далеко не съедобен.
apple of one`s eye
- someone or something that one likes a lot
The little girl is the apple of her grandfather`s eye.
back to the salt mines
- back to work, humorous expression to express going back to unpleasant work
Well, lunch is over so let`s go back to the salt mines for the afternoon.
bad egg
- a bad person, bum
That man is a bad egg so you should try and avoid him if you can.
big cheese
- an important person, a leader
He is a big cheese in his company so you should be very nice to him.
bread and butter
- basic needs of life (food,shelter,clothing)
The voters are worried about bread and butter issues like jobs and taxes.
bring home the bacon
- earn your family`s living
Recently he has been working very hard trying to bring home the bacon. He has no time to do anything else.
butter up
- flatter someone to try to get their favor or friendship
He spends most of his free time trying to butter up his boss so that he won`t have to work so hard.
Упражнение сегодня на употребление слов do и make (очень простое)
1 I think you're ______ a big mistake.
a making
b doing
2 We need to ______ a plan.
a make
b do
3 Harry is bringing something to drink and I'm going to ______ a cake.
a make
b do
4 You're more likely to ______ harm than good.
a make
b do
5 I'm going to ______ you an offer you can't refuse.
a make
b do
6 Can I ______ a suggestion?
a make
b do
7 You need to ______ some more work.
a make
b do
8 I hate ______ the housework.
a making
b doing
9 I hate ______ the beds.
a making
b doing
10 I like ______ the cooking.
a making
b doing
11 I think we should ______ an exception in this case.
a make
b do
12 Can you ______ me a favour?
a make
b do
13 He's not the sort of person you can ______ business with.
a make
b do
14 You must be quiet. You mustn't ______ a noise.
a make
b do
15 It's not what we want. We'll just have to ______ the best of it.
a make
b do
16 You're always ______ excuses for him.
a making
b doing
17 Thanks for ______ me a good turn.
a making
b doing
18 Do you mind if I ______ a phone call?
a make
b do
19 The company is ______ huge profits.
a making
b doing
20 You can't ______ much money as an English teacher.
a make
b do
Ответы , как обычно, на моем сайте в разделе Topics по адресу
www.english5ballov.narod.ru/topics/keys9.html
Ну вот и все на сегодня. Удачи вам в покорении иностранного языка!
Автор рассылки Ирина
kopirka-i@mail.ru